I crogioli in carburo di silicio (SiC) offrono diversi vantaggi rispetto ai materiali tradizionali come grafite, argilla-grafite o quarzo, soprattutto in ambienti reattivi e ad alta temperatura. Ecco i principali vantaggi dell’utilizzo dei crogioli in carburo di silicio :
1. Elevata conduttività termica
Il SiC ha un’eccellente conduttività termica (≈120 W/m·K), garantendo un riscaldamento rapido e uniforme.
Riduce lo stress termico e la formazione di crepe rispetto a materiali come l’allumina o il quarzo.
2. Eccezionale resistenza agli shock termici
Il SiC può resistere a rapidi sbalzi di temperatura senza screpolarsi, il che lo rende ideale per i processi che comportano un riscaldamento o un raffreddamento improvviso.
3. Stabilità alle alte temperature
Funziona efficacemente a temperature fino a 1600°C (in atmosfere inerti/riducenti) e fino a 1400°C in condizioni ossidanti.
Supera le prestazioni della grafite (che si ossida oltre i 600 °C) e dell’allumina (che si ammorbidisce ad alte temperature).
4. Resistenza chimica superiore
Resiste alla corrosione di metalli fusi (Al, Cu, Zn), sali e scorie.
Più resistente della grafite se esposta a metalli reattivi come alluminio o silicio.
5. Resistenza meccanica e durata
L’elevata durezza (~9,5 Mohs) e la resistenza alla compressione riducono l’usura e la deformazione.
Durata maggiore rispetto ai crogioli in argilla-grafite o quarzo.
6. Resistenza all’ossidazione
Forma uno strato protettivo di SiO₂ nell’aria, impedendone la rapida degradazione (a differenza della grafite, che si erode).
7. Superficie non bagnabile
Riduce al minimo l’adesione dei metalli fusi, facilitando il versamento e la pulizia.
8. Efficienza energetica
Un trasferimento di calore più rapido riduce il consumo di energia nelle applicazioni di fusione.
ANALISI CHIMICA TIPICA | PROPRIETÀ FISICHE TIPICHE | ||
SiC | ≥98% | Durezza: | Mohs:9.15 |
SiO2 | ≤1% | Punto di fusione: | Sublima a 2250 ℃ |
H2O3 | ≤0,5% | Temperatura massima di servizio: | 1900℃ |
Fe2O3 | ≤0,3% | Peso specifico: | 3,2-3,45 g/cm3 |
FC | ≤0,3% | Densità apparente (LPD): | 1,2-1,6 g/cm3 |
Contenuto magnetico | ≤0,02% | Colore: | Nero |
|
| Forma delle particelle: | Esagonale |
Applicazioni dei crogioli in SiC:
Fusione e colata di metalli (Al, Cu, Zn, metalli preziosi)
Lavorazione dei semiconduttori (crescita dei cristalli di Si, GaAs)
Produzione di vetro e ceramica
Reazioni chimiche ad alta temperatura
I crogioli in SiC sono ideali per applicazioni ad alte temperature e alte prestazioni, dove durata, resistenza agli shock termici e stabilità chimica sono fondamentali. Superano le prestazioni dei materiali per crogioli tradizionali in ambienti difficili, ma hanno un costo iniziale più elevato.
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